October 20, 2025 - Initializing Incident Visualization...
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MAJOR OUTAGE
Oct 20, 2025 - 07:11 AM PDT
Region
US-EAST-1 (Northern Virginia)
Duration
00:00:00
Root Cause
DNS RESOLUTION FAILURE
Services Affected
0+

AWS Outage - October 20, 2025

How a DNS Failure Took Down the Internet

0
Hours Duration
0
Services Affected
0
AWS Services
DNS Failure
Root Cause

Technical Failure Cascade

Layer 1: DNS Infrastructure
🌐
Route53 Resolver
dynamodb.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
RESOLVING...
Layer 2: Database Layer
🗄️
Amazon DynamoDB
OPERATIONAL
Layer 3: AWS Services (15+)
EC2
Lambda
IAM
S3
CloudFront
RDS
SageMaker
Kinesis
Layer 4: Applications
🔍
Perplexity
Online
🦉
Duolingo
Online
💬
Snapchat
Online
🎮
Fortnite
Online
📈
Robinhood
Online
🎨
Canva
Online
Layer 5: End Users
Millions of users affected globally
T+0s
DNS Failure
T+3s
DynamoDB
T+15s
Cascade
T+30s
Apps Down
T+60s
Full Impact
Live System Logs
[07:11:42.000Z] [INFO] System monitoring active...
[07:11:42.100Z] [INFO] DNS resolution monitoring started

Timeline of Events

12:11 AM PDT 12:41 PM IST

Issue Identified

AWS first reports operational issue in US-EAST-1

~3:00 AM PDT ~3:30 PM IST

Peak Impact

Over 14,000 reports for Amazon.com

~4:00 AM PDT ~4:30 PM IST

Root Cause Found

DNS resolution failure identified

~5:00 AM PDT ~5:30 PM IST

Recovery Begins

Notable signs of recovery reported

~6:03 AM PDT ~6:33 PM IST

Services Restored

Global services resume operation

Failure Cascade Flow

US-EAST-1 Region
DNS Resolution Failure
DynamoDB
Increased Error Rates
AWS Services (15+)
Cascading Failures
Applications (32+)
Service Unavailability
End Users
Millions Affected Globally

Affected Services

Social Media

💬
Snapchat
High
DynamoDB, EC2
🔒
Signal
High
DynamoDB, EC2

AI & Search

🔍
Perplexity
High
SageMaker, EC2, DynamoDB
🤖
OpenAI Services
Medium
EC2, Lambda

Education

🦉
Duolingo
High
EC2, DynamoDB, S3, Lambda
📚
Canvas
High
EC2, RDS, S3
🎓
CollegeBoard
Medium
EC2, CloudFront

Gaming

🎮
Fortnite
High
EC2, DynamoDB
🟦
Roblox
High
EC2, DynamoDB
🎯
PUBG
High
EC2, S3
🎪
Rainbow Six Siege
Medium
EC2, CloudFront
👑
Clash Royale
Medium
DynamoDB, EC2

Finance

📈
Robinhood
High
DynamoDB, EC2, Lambda
Coinbase
High
DynamoDB, EC2
💳
Venmo
High
DynamoDB, EC2
🏦
Chime
Medium
EC2, RDS

Streaming

📺
Prime Video
High
CloudFront, S3, DynamoDB
🍥
Crunchyroll
Medium
CloudFront, EC2
🏰
Disney+
Medium
CloudFront
🍎
Apple TV
Medium
CloudFront

Amazon Services

📦
Amazon.com
High
DynamoDB, EC2, S3
🗣️
Alexa
High
Lambda, DynamoDB
🔔
Ring
High
Kinesis, DynamoDB, Lambda

Other Services

🎨
Canva
High
S3, CloudFront, Lambda
🍟
McDonald's App
Medium
EC2, DynamoDB
✈️
United Airlines
Medium
EC2, RDS
🛫
Delta Airlines
Medium
EC2
📝
Wordle
Low
CloudFront, S3
📚
Goodreads
Low
EC2, S3

How Perplexity Was Affected

"Perplexity is down right now. The root cause is an AWS issue. We're working on resolving it."
🧠

Amazon SageMaker HyperPod

Model training disrupted

EC2 P4de Instances

Inference unavailable

🤖

Amazon Bedrock - Claude 3

Query processing failed

🗄️

DynamoDB

Database queries failed

⚙️

Lambda

Backend functions unavailable

User Impact Distribution

Website Issues
50%
App Issues
38%
Login Issues
12%

How Duolingo Was Affected

500M+
Learners Impacted
7B+
Monthly Exercises
4M
Notifications/6sec - Down
💻

Amazon EC2

Microservices failed

🔔

Lambda

Notifications stopped

📊

DynamoDB

User data unavailable

📦

S3

Content unavailable

🔗

RDS

Database queries failed

📨

SNS/SQS

Event processing halted

🌐

CloudFront

Slow loading

AWS Services Status Board

Service Name
Status
Criticality
Description
Amazon DynamoDB
Disrupted
Critical
NoSQL database service - DNS resolution failure
Amazon EC2
Impacted
Critical
Virtual computing instances
AWS Lambda
Impacted
High
Serverless compute
Amazon S3
Impacted
High
Object storage
AWS IAM
Impacted
Critical
Identity and Access Management
Amazon CloudFront
Impacted
High
Content delivery network
Amazon RDS
Impacted
High
Relational database service
AWS Config
Impacted
Medium
Configuration tracking
Amazon Kinesis
Impacted
High
Real-time data streaming
Amazon SageMaker
Impacted
High
Machine learning platform
Amazon API Gateway
Impacted
High
API management
Amazon CloudWatch
Impacted
High
Monitoring and logging
AWS Secrets Manager
Impacted
High
Secrets management
Amazon EKS
Impacted
Medium
Kubernetes service
Amazon SQS
Impacted
Medium
Message queuing

Key Insights

🔗

DNS Failure Cascaded Through Dependencies

A DNS resolution failure in the DynamoDB API endpoint triggered a domino effect across 15+ AWS services and 32+ major applications worldwide.

🏛️

US-EAST-1 is AWS's Largest & Oldest Region

Located in Northern Virginia, US-EAST-1 is AWS's first region with legacy architecture dating back to early AWS days, making it more complex and harder to maintain.

⚙️

Interconnected Architecture Amplifies Failures

AWS's microservices architecture means services depend on each other. When DynamoDB failed, services like Lambda, EC2, and IAM that depend on it also degraded.

🌍

Global Impact from Single Region Issue

Despite being a regional issue, the outage affected users globally because many services use US-EAST-1 as their primary region or for global features.